Comparative/International/Transnational Law
“Trust platforms: The digitalization of corporate governance and the transformation of trust in polycentric space,” Regulation and Governance (2024) doi:10.1111/rego.12614 Download HERE
“Legal Semiotics, Globalization, and Governance,” in (Anne Wagner and Sarah Marusek (editors)) Research Handbook on Legal Semiotics (Cheltenham, Eng., Edward Elgar, 2023) 61-85. Access submission draft here
Larry Catá Backer and Matthew McQuilla, “The algorithmic law of business and human rights: constructing private transnational law of ratings, social credit and accountability measures,” International Journal of Law in Context (2022), 1–19 (doi:10.1017/S1744552322000453) DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: Algo_Law_Bus_HR
Larry Catá Backer and Rafael Velázquez Pérez, “The EU to the Rescue of the Cuban Economy? The Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) and the State of Cuba-EU Economic Relations,” 21 (2021) Cuba in Transition: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy 70-88. Access HERE.
Larry Catá Backer and Flora Sapio, “Popular Consultation and Referendum in the Making of Contemporary Cuban Socialist Democracy Practice and Constitutional Theory, University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review 27(1):37-130 (2020). ACCESS ARTICLE HERE: https://www.backerinlaw.com/Site/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Popular-Consultation-and-Referendum-in-the-Making-of-Contemporary.pdf
“Next Generation Law: Data Driven Governance and Accountability Based Regulatory Systems in the West, and in Social Credit Regimes in China,” Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 28:123-172 (2018). DOWNLOAD HERE: https://www.backerinlaw.com/Site/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/28-1-Backer.pdf
“Theorizing Regulatory Governance Within its Ecology: The Structure of Management in an Age of Globalization,” Contemporary Politics 24(5):— (Special Issue (online, 2018; print forthcoming)). DOWNLOAD PRE-PUBLICATION VERSION HERE:REV_12-2017BackerV5_CLEAN
“Between the Judge and the Law—Judicial Independence and Authority with Chinese Characteristics,” Connecticut Journal of International Law 33(1):1-41 (2017); DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: Backer Formatted (Final)33(1)CJIL2017
“The Corporate Social Responsibilities of Financial Institutions For the Conduct of their Borrowers: The View From International Law Standards,” Lewis & Clark Law Review 21(4):881-919 (2017) DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: LCB_21_4_Article_1_Backer
The Human Rights Obligations of State-Owned Enterprises: Emerging Conceptual Structures and Principles in National and International Law and Policy, Vanderbilt Journal of International Law 50(4):827-888 (2017) DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: Vanderbilt_SOES
“Sovereign Wealth Funds, Capacity Building, Development and Governance,” Wake Forest Law Review 52(4):735-780 (2017); DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: Backer_Backerinlaw2017
Shaping a Global Law for Business Enterprises: Framing Principles and the Promise of a Comprehensive Treaty on Business and Human Rights, North Carolina Journal of International Law 42(2): 417-504 (2016). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: REV_Backer_2AE1_CLEAN
The Emerging Normative Structures of Transnational Law: Non-State Enterprises in Polycentric Asymmetric Global Orders, Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law 31(1):1-52 ( 2016). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: BYU Journal of Public Law
Are Supply Chains Transnational Legal Orders? What We Can Learn from the Rana Plaza Factory Building Collapse, UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law 1(1):11-66 (Fall 2016). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE:Jour. Internationl, Transnat., & Comparative Law
International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) as instruments to combat corruption and enhance fiscal discipline in Developing States, International Review of Law 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/irl.2015.swf.5 DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: irl%2E2015%2Eswf%2E5
Moving Forward the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights: Between Enterprise Social Norm, State Domestic Legal Orders, and the Treaty Law That Might Bind Them All, Fordham Int’l L.J. 38:457 (2015) DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: FILJ_Backer_MovingForward
Larry Catá Backer, The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Japan, China, the U.S., and the Emerging Shape of a New World Trade Regulatory Order, 13 Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. 049 (2014),
http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies/vol13/iss1/6 DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: The Trans-Pacific Partnership_ Japan China the U.S. and the Em
Transparency Between Norm, Technique and Property in International Law and Governance—The Example of Corporate Disclosure Regimes and Environmental Impacts, 22 Minnesota Journal of International Law 1-70 (2013). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: BACKER – Corporate Transparency (22 MINN J INTL L 1 (Winter 2013))
From Institutional Misalignments to Socially Sustainable Governance: The Guiding Principles for the Implementation of the United Nation’s “Protect, Respect and Remedy” and the Construction of Inter-Systemic Global Governance, 25(1) Pacific McGeorge Global Business & Development Law Journal 69-171 (2012). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 25McGeorgeGBDL69(2012)GenPrincpls
The Structural Characteristics of Global Law for the 21st Century: Fracture, Fluidity, Permeability, and Polycentricity, 17(2) Tilburg Law Review 177-199 (2012). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: TILR_017_02_Backer_art05
Private Actors and Public Governance Beyond the State: The Multinational Corporation, the Financial Stability Board and the Global Governance Order, 18(2) Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 751 (2011). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Vol 18 Summer 2011
Sovereign Investing in Times of Crisis: Global Regulation of Sovereign Wealth Funds, State Owned Enterprises and the Chinese Experience, 19(1) Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 3-144 (2010). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 19(3)TranatlLContempPrbs3(2010)COMPRESSEDChinaSWFS
Cuba And The Construction Of Alternative Global Trade Systems: ALBA And Free Trade In The Americas, 31(3) University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law 679-752 (2010) (with Augusto Molina Roman). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: Cuba adn the Construct of Alternative Global Trade Sys
Symposium Issue: A Constitutional Court for China Within the Chinese Communist Party?: Scientific Development and a Reconsideration of the Institutional Role of the CCP, 43(3) Suffolk Law Review 593-624 (2010). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: A Const Ct for China wi the Chinese Comm Pty
Remarks: The Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund: Between Private and Public, 40 Georgetown Journal of International Law 1271-1280 (2009). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 40GJIL1271(2009)NorwaySWFs
Cuba and the Development of Odious Debt Doctrine in an Age of Financial Crisis, 6 Transnational Dispute Management Journal 1 (Jan. 2009) (http://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1311). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: tdm(2009)-article003
Theocratic Constitutionalism: An Introduction to a New Legal Global Ordering, 16(1) Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 85-172 (2009). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 16IndJGlobalStub85(2009)
From Constitution to Constitutionalism: A Global Framework for Legitimate Public Power Systems, 113(3) Penn State Law Review 671-732 (2009). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 113PennStateLRev671(2009) updated 6-11-09
Case Note: Rights And Accountability In Development (Raid) V Das Air (21 July 2008) And Global Witness V Afrimex (28 August 2008); Small Steps Toward an Autonomous Transnational Legal System for the Regulation of Multinational Corporations, 10(1) Melbourne Journal of International Law 258-307 (2009). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 13Backer
“Global Panopticism: Surveillance Lawmaking by Corporations, States, and Other Entities,” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 15(1):101-148 (2008). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: Global Panopticism
“Multinational Corporations as Objects and Sources of Transnational Regulation,” ILSA Journal Of International & Comparative Law 14:499-523 (2008). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 14ILSAJIntl&CompL499(2007-2008)
“God(s) Over Constitutions: International and Religious Transnational Constitutionalism in the 21st Century,” Mississippi College Law Review 27:11-65 (2008). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 27MissCollLRev11(2007)God(s)OverConst
“From Moral Obligation to International Law: Disclosure Systems, Markets and the Regulation of Multinational Corporations,” Georgetown Journal of International Law 39:591-653 (2008). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE:Georgetown Law Review – From Moral Obligation to International Law
“The Private Law of Public Law: Public Authorities As Shareholders, Golden Shares, Sovereign Wealth Funds, And The Public Law Element In Private Choice of Law,” Tulane Law Review 82(5):1801-1868 (2008). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: Tulane Law Review – Backer
“Economic Globalization and the Rise of Efficient Systems of Global Private Law Making: Wal-Mart as Global Legislator,” University of Connecticut Law Review39(4): 1739-1784 (2007). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 39(4)UConnLRev1739(2007)WalMart
“Odious Debt Wears Two Faces: Systemic Illegitimacy, Problems and Opportunities in Traditional Odious Debt Conceptions in Globalized Economic Regimes,” Duke Journal of Law & Contemporary Problems 70:1-46 (2007). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 70LCP1OdiousDebts2007
“Economic Globalization Ascendant: Four Perspectives on the Emerging Ideology of the State in the New Global Order,” Berkeley La Raza Law Journal 17(1):141-168 (2006). Published as “Globalização Econômica e Crise do Estado: um estudo em quatro perspectives”, Sequencia No. 51: 255-276 (December 2005). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 17BerkLaRazaLJ141(2006)EconGlobal
“Multinational Corporations, Transnational Law: The United Nation’s Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations as a Harbinger of Corporate Social Responsibility as International Law,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review 37:287-389 (2006). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 37ColumbHmnRtsLRev287(2006)Multinational
“Emasculated Men, Effeminate Law in the United States, Zimbabwe and Malaysia,” Yale Journal of Law & Feminism 17:1 (2005). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 17YaleJLaw&Fem1(2005)EmasculMen
“The Extra-National State: American Confederate Federalism and the European Union,” Columbia Journal of European Law 7(2):173-240 (2001). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 7(2)ColumbJEurL173(2001)ExtraNatState
“Some Thoughts on The American Declaration of Independence and the Irish Easter Proclamation,” 8 Tulsa Journal of Comparative & International Law 87 (2000). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 8TulsaJComp&IntlL1(2000)DeclIndepIrish
“Chroniclers in the Field of Cultural Production: Interpretive Conversations Between Courts and Culture,” 20 Boston College Third World Law Journal 291-343 (2000).DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 20BCThirdWorldLJ291(2000)Chroniclers
“Inscribing Judicial Preferences into Our Basic Law: The Political Jurisprudence of European Margins of Appreciation As Constitutional Jurisprudence in the U.S.,” 7 Tulsa Comparative & International Law Journal 327-373 (2000). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 7TulsaJComp&IntlL327(2000) Inscribing Judicial Pref.
“Tweaking Facts, Speaking Judgment: Judicial Transmogrification of Case Narrative as Jurisprudence in the United States and Britain,” 6 S. California Interdisciplinary Law Journal 611-662 (1998). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 6SoCalInterdiscLJ611(1998TweakingFacts
Harmonization, Subsidiarity and Cultural Differences: An Essay on the Dynamics of Opposition Within Federative and International Legal Systems, 4 Tulsa Journal of Comparative & International Law 185-217 (1997). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 4TulsaJComp&IntlL185(1997)Harmonization
Fairness as a General Principle of American Constitutional Law: Applying Extra-Constitutional Principles to Constitutional cases in Hendricks and M.L.B., 33 Tulsa Law Journal 135-162 (1997). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 33TulsaLJ135(1997)FairnessGenPrin
“Inventing a ‘Homosexual’ for Constitutional Theory: Sodomy Narrative and Antipathy in U.S. and British Courts”, 71 Tulane Law Review 529-596 (1996). DOWNLOAD ARTICLE HERE: 71TulaneLRev529(1996)InventHomosex
“Exposing the Perversions of Toleration: The Decriminalization of Private Sexual Conduct, The Model Penal Code, and the Private Sexual Conduct, The Model Penal Code, and the Oxymoron of Liberal Toleration Oxymoron of Liberal Toleration,” 45(5) Florida Law Review 755-802 (1993). Download Article HERE.
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